M12-6P Aviation cholumikizira IPC audio ndi kanema waya wochedwa L=6M
Chitukuko cholumikizira magalimoto mumsika wamagalimoto atsopano amagetsi
Popeza dziko la China likukhala msika waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wogulitsa magalimoto, makampani opanga magalimoto ku China alowanso m'gawo latsopano lachitukuko. Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku dongosolo la 12th lazaka zisanu kuti zaka zisanu zikubwerazi, makampani opanga magalimoto ku China asintha kuchoka pazikuluzikulu kupita ku mphamvu zamphamvu m'mbuyomu, ndipo malangizo ake a chitukuko ndi kulimbikitsa magalimoto opulumutsa mphamvu, kuphatikizapo magalimoto atsopano amphamvu. .
Malinga ndi ndondomeko yamakono, mu 2015, dziko la China lidzalimbikitsa chitukuko chogwirizana cha mafakitale a magalimoto ndi mafakitale okhudzana nawo, kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka anthu kuti apitirize kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha dziko. kufikira magalimoto okwana 25 miliyoni mchaka cha 2015. Zikhala mwala wapangodya wamakampani opanga magalimoto aku China kukhala akulu komanso amphamvu. Mu 2015, gawo la msika wamagalimoto aku China lidzakulitsidwanso. Msika wamsika wamagalimoto odziyimira pawokha udzapitilira 50%, pomwe gawo lapakhomo la magalimoto odziyimira pawokha lidzapitilira 40%. Kuphatikiza apo, makampani opanga magalimoto ku China asintha kuchoka ku kudalira msika wofunikira wapakhomo kupita kumayiko ena ambiri. Mu 2015, kutumiza kunja kwa magalimoto odziyimira pawokha kudapitilira 10% ya kupanga ndi kugulitsa.
Kuti akwaniritse cholingachi, boma lidzathandizira mwamphamvu magalimoto opulumutsa mphamvu komanso okonda chilengedwe omwe ali ndi mafuta achikhalidwe, magalimoto oyendetsa magetsi atsopano omwe amayendetsedwa ndi magalimoto oyendetsa magetsi, ndikuthandizira kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha mafuta osakanizidwa, mafuta a hydrogen ndi magalimoto ena. Muphatikizepo:
Choyamba, chisanafike chaka cha 2015, tidzathandizira mwamphamvu chitukuko cha zigawo zazikulu zopulumutsa mphamvu ndi magalimoto atsopano. M'munda wa magawo apakati monga ma mota ndi mabatire, yesetsani kupanga mabizinesi a 3-5 amsana a magawo ofunikira monga mabatire amagetsi ndi ma mota, okhala ndi mafakitale opitilira 60%. Chachiwiri, zindikirani kukula kwa magalimoto amagetsi osakanizidwa wamba ndikuyesetsa kukhala ndi magalimoto opitilira 1 miliyoni apakati / olemetsa.
Kuti mugwirizane ndi 12th Year Plan, cholumikizira, monga gawo lalikulu lamakampani amagalimoto, chiyenera kukonzedwa bwino. Malinga ndi kuwunika kwa mainjiniya a linkconn.cn, katswiri wolumikizira ma terminal, kutukuka kwamakampani olumikizira kumakhala ndi zinthu zitatu zazikulu:
Choyamba ndi kuteteza chilengedwe, chachiwiri ndi chitetezo, ndipo chachitatu ndi kugwirizana.
● chitetezo cha chilengedwe ... Chifukwa chamagetsi apamwamba a magalimoto atsopano amagetsi, zofunikira zolumikiziranso "zikufunafuna zomwe zimagwirizana ndikusunga kusiyana" ndi magalimoto achikhalidwe. Monga galimoto yamagetsi yatsopano ndi galimoto "yobiriwira", cholumikizira chimafunanso kuteteza chilengedwe chobiriwira. Pankhani ya chitetezo, chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa cholumikizira chagalimoto champhamvu chatsopano kuti chitha kupirira voteji ya 250A yapano ndi 600V nthawi zambiri, kufunikira kwachitetezo chapamwamba chachitetezo chotsutsana ndi magetsi ndikodziwikiratu. Nthawi yomweyo, pansi pa mphamvu zazikulu zotere, kusokoneza ma elekitiroma ndi vuto lina lofunikira. Kuphatikiza apo, ntchito yolumikizira cholumikizira idzatulutsa arc, yomwe ingawononge kwambiri kulumikizana kwamagetsi ndi zida zamagetsi, ndipo imatha kuyambitsa kuyaka kwagalimoto, komwe kumafunikira mapangidwe apadera ndi chitukuko cha cholumikizira.
● chitetezo... Kuti mukwaniritse zofunikira zogwirira ntchito zamagalimoto atsopano amagetsi amphamvu, zimadalira kwambiri mapangidwe okhwima. Mwachitsanzo, pakuwonekera, ndikofunikira kuteteza kuwonongeka kwa mpweya ndi magetsi apamwamba, zomwe zimafuna kuti mpweya wina usungidwe; Pansi pa voteji yayikulu komanso mphamvu yayikulu, kukwera kwa kutentha sikudutsa mtengo wake; Posankha zinthu zipolopolo, tiyenera kuganizira kulemera, mphamvu ndi chomasuka processing, ndi mmene kusunga bata la ntchito ya cholumikizira terminal pa kutentha osiyana ndi mmene kuonetsetsa madutsidwe zofunika.
● kugwirizanitsa ... Chifukwa cha kuwonjezereka kosalekeza kwa kayendetsedwe ka zosangalatsa zamagalimoto, kufunikira kwa ntchito yotumizira deta yothamanga kwambiri ikukula kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu zitsanzo zina, mutu wa kamera umayikidwa pa galasi lobwerera, zomwe zingathandize dalaivala kukhala ndi gawo lalikulu la masomphenya, zomwe zimafuna kuti cholumikizira chitumize deta zambiri. Nthawi zina cholumikizira chimafunika kuthana ndi vuto la kutumiza ma siginecha a GPS ndikuwulutsa nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimafunikira kuwongolera mphamvu yake yotumizira deta. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, cholumikizira chiyeneranso kupirira kutentha kwakukulu, chifukwa injini ya galimoto nthawi zambiri imayikidwa kutsogolo kwa galimotoyo. Ngakhale pali firewall yotetezera, kutentha kwina kumaperekedwa, kotero cholumikizira chiyenera kupirira kutentha kwakukulu.
Chidziwitso choyambirira cha zida zamagalimoto
Mawaya apagalimoto, omwe amadziwikanso kuti mawaya otsika mphamvu, ndi osiyana ndi mawaya wamba apanyumba. Mawaya apanyumba odziwika ndi mawaya amkuwa omwe ali ndi kuuma kwina. Mawaya agalimoto ndi mawaya a copper core flexible. Mawaya ena osinthasintha amakhala owonda ngati tsitsi. Mawaya amkuwa angapo kapena angapo osinthika amakulungidwa mu machubu otsekera apulasitiki (PVC), omwe ndi ofewa komanso osathyoka mosavuta.
Chifukwa cha ukadaulo wamagalimoto, njira zopangira zida zamagalimoto ndizopadera kwambiri kuposa zida zina wamba.
Makina opangira ma waya agalimoto amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:
1. Kugawidwa ndi mayiko aku Europe ndi America, kuphatikiza China:
Dongosolo la TS16949 limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera njira zopangira.
2. Makamaka ochokera ku Japan:
Mwachitsanzo, Toyota ndi Honda ali ndi machitidwe awo omwe amawongolera njira zopangira.
Ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito zamagalimoto komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapadziko lonse lapansi waukadaulo wamagetsi, pali magawo amagetsi ochulukirachulukira, mawaya ochulukirachulukira, ndipo cholumikizira chimakhala chokulirapo komanso cholemera. Chifukwa chake, magalimoto otsogola adayambitsa kasinthidwe kabasi ndikutengera njira zambiri zotumizira. Poyerekeza ndi zida zachikhalidwe zamawaya, chipangizo chotumizira mawaya ambiri chimachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mawaya ndi zolumikizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti waya wosavuta.
Ambiri ntchito
Zodziwika bwino zamawaya pamahatchi amagalimoto amaphatikiza mawaya okhala ndi madera ophatikizika a 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 4.0 ndi 6.0 mm2 (malo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto aku Japan ndi 0.5, 0.85 1.25, 2.0, 2.5, 4.0 ndi 6.0 mm2). Onse ali ndi katundu wololeka pakali pano ndipo ali ndi mawaya a zida zamagetsi zomwe zili ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana. Kutengera chingwe chagalimoto chonse mwachitsanzo, mzere wa 0.5 umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazowunikira zida, zowunikira, zowunikira pakhomo, zowunikira padenga, ndi zina zambiri; Mzere wa 0.75 umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi amagetsi amagetsi, magetsi ang'onoang'ono kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, magetsi amabuleki, ndi zina zotero; Mzere wa 1.0 umagwiritsidwa ntchito potembenuza nyali ya siginecha, nyali yachifunga, ndi zina; 1.5 mzere wofotokozera umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazowunikira, nyanga, ndi zina; Mzere waukulu wamagetsi, monga mzere wa zida za jenereta, waya wapansi, ndi zina zotero, zimafuna mawaya 2.5 mpaka 4 mm2. Izi zimangotanthauza kuti kwa magalimoto wamba, fungulo limadalira pamtengo waposachedwa wa katunduyo. Mwachitsanzo, waya wapansi ndi waya wabwino wa batri ndi mawaya apadera agalimoto omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito okha. Ma diameter awo amawaya ndi akulu, osapitilira mamilimita khumi. Mawaya a "Big Mac" awa sangaphatikizidwe mu harni yayikulu.
gulu
Musanakonze zomangira, jambulanitu chojambulacho. Chiwonetsero cha ma harness ndi chosiyana ndi chojambula chozungulira. Chojambula chojambula chozungulira ndi chithunzi chofotokozera mgwirizano pakati pa magawo osiyanasiyana amagetsi. Siziwonetsa momwe magawo amagetsi amagwirizanirana wina ndi mzake, ndipo samakhudzidwa ndi kukula ndi mawonekedwe a zigawo zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi ndi mtunda pakati pawo. Chojambula cha harness chiyenera kuganizira kukula ndi mawonekedwe a gawo lililonse lamagetsi ndi mtunda wapakati pawo, ndikuwonetsanso momwe zida zamagetsi zimagwirizanirana wina ndi mzake.
Akatswili a fakitale yolumikizira mawaya atapanga matabwa a mawaya molingana ndi chithunzi cha mawaya, ogwira ntchitowo adadula ndi kukonza mawaya molingana ndi zomwe zidaperekedwa pa bolodi. Chingwe chachikulu chagalimoto yonse chimagawidwa kukhala injini (kuyaka, EFI, kupanga magetsi, kuyambira), chida, kuyatsa, zoziziritsa kukhosi, zida zothandizira ndi mbali zina, kuphatikiza zida zazikulu ndi zida zanthambi. Chingwe chachikulu chagalimoto yonse chimakhala ndi zida zingapo zanthambi, monga mitengo yamitengo ndi nthambi. Chingwe chachikulu chagalimoto yonse nthawi zambiri chimatenga chida ngati gawo lalikulu ndikupitilira kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Chifukwa cha utali waubwenzi kapena msonkhano wosavuta, zida zamagalimoto ena zimagawidwa kukhala zida zakutsogolo (kuphatikiza chida, injini, msonkhano wowunikira kutsogolo, zoziziritsa kukhosi ndi batire), zida zam'mbuyo (zophatikiza nyali za mchira, nyali ya layisensi ndi nyali ya thunthu), zomangira padenga (chitseko, denga nyali ndi audio nyanga), etc. Aliyense mapeto a zomangira adzakhala chizindikiro ndi manambala ndi zilembo kusonyeza kugwirizana chinthu cha waya. Wogwira ntchitoyo amatha kuona kuti chizindikirocho chikhoza kulumikizidwa molondola ndi mawaya ndi zipangizo zamagetsi, zomwe zimakhala zothandiza kwambiri pokonza kapena kusintha chingwe. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mtundu wa waya umagawidwa kukhala waya wa monochrome ndi waya wamitundu iwiri. Cholinga cha mtunduwo chikufotokozedwanso, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala chokhazikika ndi fakitale yamagalimoto. Muyezo wamakampani aku China umangonena mtundu waukulu. Mwachitsanzo, imanena kuti wakuda umodzi umagwiritsidwa ntchito mwapadera poyatsira waya ndipo zofiira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati waya wamagetsi, zomwe sizingasokonezeke.
Chingwecho chimakulungidwa ndi ulusi woluka kapena tepi yomatira ya pulasitiki. Pachitetezo, kukonza ndi kukonza bwino, kukulunga ulusi wolukidwa kwachotsedwa ndipo tsopano wokutidwa ndi tepi yapulasitiki yomatira. Kulumikizana pakati pa zomangira ndi zomangira komanso pakati pa zida ndi zida zamagetsi kumatengera cholumikizira kapena lug. Cholumikizira chimapangidwa ndi pulasitiki ndipo chimagawidwa kukhala pulagi ndi socket. Chingwe cholumikizira mawaya chimalumikizidwa ndi chingwe cholumikizira ndi cholumikizira, ndipo kulumikizana pakati pa waya ndi zida zamagetsi kumalumikizidwa ndi cholumikizira kapena lug.
Sayansi Yazinthu
Zofunikira pazida zama harness zamagalimoto ndizolimba kwambiri:
Kuphatikizira ntchito yake yamagetsi, kutulutsa zinthu, kukana kutentha ndi zina zotero, zofunikira ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa zida zonse, makamaka zokhudzana ndi chitetezo: mwachitsanzo, kulumikiza zinthu zofunika kwambiri monga dongosolo lowongolera ndi brake, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri. .
Chiyambi cha ntchito yolumikizira magalimoto
M'magalimoto amakono, pali zida zambiri zamagalimoto, ndipo makina owongolera zamagetsi amagwirizana kwambiri ndi zida. Winawake adapanga fanizo lomveka bwino: ngati ntchito za microcomputer, sensa ndi actuator zikufananizidwa ndi thupi la munthu, tinganene kuti microcomputer ndi yofanana ndi ubongo wamunthu, sensa ndi yofanana ndi chiwalo chakumva, ndipo actuator ndi yofanana ndi chiwalo chamoto, ndiye chomangira ndi mitsempha ndi magazi chotengera.
Zomangira zamagalimoto ndiye netiweki yayikulu yoyendera magalimoto. Zimagwirizanitsa zigawo zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi za galimoto ndikuzipangitsa kuti zigwire ntchito. Popanda zingwe, sipadzakhala kuzungulira magalimoto. Pakali pano, kaya ndi galimoto yapamwamba kwambiri kapena galimoto wamba yachuma, chingwe cholumikizira mawaya chimakhala chofanana ndi mawonekedwe, omwe amapangidwa ndi mawaya, zolumikizira ndi tepi yokulunga. Siziyenera kutsimikizira kufalikira kwa ma siginecha amagetsi, komanso kuwonetsetsa kudalirika kwa dera lolumikizira, kupereka mtengo womwe watchulidwa pazigawo zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi, kuletsa kusokoneza kwa maginito ozungulira mabwalo ozungulira, ndikuchotsa kufupi kwa zida zamagetsi. [1]
Pankhani ya ntchito, zida zamagalimoto zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: chingwe chamagetsi chonyamula mphamvu ya choyendetsa galimoto (actuator) ndi mzere wamakina womwe umatumiza lamulo lolowera la sensa. Mzere wamagetsi ndi waya wandiweyani womwe umanyamula magetsi akuluakulu, pamene mzere wa chizindikiro ndi waya wochepa kwambiri womwe sunyamula mphamvu (optical fiber communication); Mwachitsanzo, gawo la gawo la waya lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pozungulira chizindikiro ndi 0.3 ndi 0.5mm2.
Madera ozungulira mawaya a ma motors ndi ma actuators ndi 0.85 ndi 1.25mm2, pomwe mawaya am'magawo amagetsi ndi 2, 3 ndi 5mm2; Mabwalo apadera (woyambira, alternator, waya woyika injini, ndi zina) ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a 8, 10, 15 ndi 20mm2. Kukula kwakukulu kwa gawo la kondakitala, ndikokulirapo kwa mphamvu zamakono. Kuwonjezera pa kulingalira za magetsi, kusankha kwa mawaya kumaletsedwanso ndi machitidwe a thupi pamene ali pa bolodi, kotero kuti kusankha kwake kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, chitseko chotseguka / chotsekedwa pa taxi komanso mawaya ozungulira thupi lonse ayenera kukhala ndi mawaya omwe amagwira ntchito bwino. Kondakitala yemwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zigawo zotentha kwambiri nthawi zambiri amatengera kondakitala wokutidwa ndi vinyl chloride ndi polyethylene yokhala ndi kutchinjiriza bwino komanso kukana kutentha. M'zaka zaposachedwa, kugwiritsa ntchito mawaya otchinga ma electromagnetic m'mabwalo ofooka akuchulukiranso.
Pakuchulukirachulukira kwa ntchito zamagalimoto komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamagetsi pamagetsi, pali magawo ndi mawaya ochulukirachulukira. Kuchuluka kwa mabwalo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pagalimoto kumawonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo cholumikizira chimakhala chokulirapo komanso cholemera. Ili ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe liyenera kuthetsedwa. Momwe mungapangire zida zambiri zamawaya pamalo ochepera agalimoto, momwe mungawakonzere bwino komanso moyenera, komanso momwe angapangire zida zamawaya zamagalimoto kukhala ndi gawo lalikulu lakhala vuto lomwe makampani opanga magalimoto amakumana nawo.
Tekinoloje yopangira zida zamagalimoto
Ndikusintha kosalekeza kwa zofunika za anthu kuti zitonthozedwe, chuma ndi chitetezo, mitundu yazinthu zamagetsi pagalimoto ikuchulukiranso, zida zamagalimoto zikuchulukirachulukira, ndipo kulephera kwa zida kumachulukiranso motere. Izi zimafuna kuwongolera kudalirika komanso kukhazikika kwa ma waya. Anthu ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi njira ndi kupanga zida zamawaya zamagalimoto. Apa, mutha kupanga kufotokozera kosavuta kwa chidziwitso cha kayendetsedwe ka waya wamagalimoto ndi kupanga. Muyenera kuthera mphindi zochepa kuti muwerenge.
Pambuyo pojambula zinthu ziwiri-dimensional za zida zamagalimoto zimatuluka, njira yopangira zida zamagalimoto iyenera kukonzedwa. Njirayi imathandizira kupanga. Awiriwo ndi osagawanika. Chifukwa chake, wolembayo amaphatikiza kupanga ndi njira yolumikizira magalimoto.
Malo oyamba opangira ma waya ndi njira yotsegulira. Kulondola kwa njira yotsegulira kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kupita patsogolo kwa kupanga. Pakachitika cholakwika, makamaka kukula kwakanthawi kochepa, kumayambitsa kukonzanso kwa masiteshoni onse, kuwononga nthawi komanso kuvutikira, ndikusokoneza magwiridwe antchito. Chifukwa chake, pokonzekera njira yotsegulira waya, tiyenera kudziwa momveka bwino kukula kwa waya ndikuvula kwa kondakitala malinga ndi zofunikira zajambula.
Siteshoni yachiwiri pambuyo kutsegula mzere ndi ndondomeko crimping. Magawo a crimping amatsimikiziridwa molingana ndi mtundu wa terminal womwe umafunidwa ndi chojambulacho, ndipo malangizo opangira crimping amapangidwa. Ngati pali zofunikira zapadera, m'pofunika kuziwonetsa pazolemba za ndondomeko ndikuphunzitsa ogwira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, mawaya ena amafunika kudutsa mchimake asanagwetse. Iyenera kusonkhanitsa mawaya kaye, kenako kubwerera kuchokera ku pre assembly station isanamenye; Kuphatikiza apo, zida zapadera za crimping zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola crimping, zomwe zimakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino amagetsi.
Kenako pakubwera ndondomeko ya msonkhano. Choyamba, konzani chisanadze msonkhano ndondomeko ntchito Buku. Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo luso la msonkhano waukulu, malo ochitira msonkhano ayenera kukhala ndi ma waya ovuta. Kaya njira yopangira msonkhano isanakwane ndi yololera kapena ayi imakhudza momwe msonkhano waukulu umathandizira komanso zikuwonetsa luso la mmisiri. Ngati gawo lomwe lasonkhanitsidwa silikusonkhanitsidwa pang'ono kapena njira yosonkhanitsidwa yawaya ndiyosamveka, imawonjezera kuchuluka kwa ogwira ntchito pamsonkhano waukulu ndikuchepetsa liwiro la mzere wa msonkhano, kotero akatswiri amayenera kukhalabe pamalowo ndikungonena mwachidule.
Njira yomaliza ndiyo kusonkhanitsa komaliza. Kutha kuphatikizira ma platen a msonkhano opangidwa ndi dipatimenti yachitukuko chazinthu, kupanga mawonekedwe ndi makulidwe a zida zopangira zida ndi bokosi lazinthu, ndikumata manambala amipando ndi zida zonse pabokosi lazinthu kuti muwongolere bwino msonkhanowo. Konzani zomwe zili pa msonkhano ndi zofunikira za siteshoni iliyonse, sungani malo onse ochitira msonkhano, ndikupewa kuti ntchitoyo ndi yaikulu kwambiri ndipo liwiro la mzere wonse wa msonkhano wachepetsedwa. Kuti akwaniritse bwino ntchito, ogwira ntchitoyo ayenera kudziwa bwino ntchito iliyonse, kuwerengera nthawi yogwira ntchito pamalopo, ndikusintha ndondomeko ya msonkhano nthawi iliyonse.
Kuonjezera apo, ndondomeko ya ma harness imaphatikizaponso kukonzekera ndandanda ya kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zinthu, kuwerengera maola a anthu, maphunziro a antchito, ndi zina zotero. Mwachidule, zomwe zili ndi mtundu wa zida zamagalimoto zamagalimoto zamagalimoto zamagalimoto zakhala pang'onopang'ono kukhala index yofunikira yowunika momwe magalimoto amagwirira ntchito. Opanga magalimoto ayenera kusamala kwambiri pakusankhidwa kwa zingwe zamawaya, komanso ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa momwe mawaya amagwirira ntchito komanso kamangidwe kake.
